One of the best ways for tourists to navigate Japanese cities is by train. Local trains are fast, efficient, and famously punctual. However, non-Japanese-speaking tourists may sometimes struggle with a lack of English signage at certain stations. To make your journey smoother, it’s best to plan ahead and know your route before you travel.
Japan’s Rail Networks
Japan has multiple rail networks, and understanding the differences can make travelling easier.
- JR Lines: The Japan Railways (JR) network, formerly government-run but now privatized, is the most widespread rail system in the country. JR is best known for its high-speed Shinkansen bullet trains, but it also operates extensive above-ground local rail services in nearly all major cities.
- Subway & Private Rail Companies: Many large cities, including Tokyo and Osaka, have subway systems and private rail networks operated by separate companies. For example, Tokyo’s Metro subway is independently operated and not part of the JR network.
If you need to transfer between different systems (e.g., from a Metro station to a JR station), you may have to exit one station, walk to another entrance, and purchase a separate ticket for the next leg of your journey.
Tickets and Smart Cards
Tickets can be purchased from machines at every station, many of which have an English mode. If you’re unsure of the exact fare, you can buy the lowest-priced ticket and use a fare adjustment machine at your destination to pay any difference.
For convenience, consider using a rechargeable IC card such as Suica, PASMO, or ICOCA. These smart cards allow you to tap in and out of stations without needing to buy a ticket each time. They also work on buses, convenience store purchases, and even some vending machines. You can buy and top up these cards at train stations.
Women-Only Carriages (Josei Senyo Sharyo)
During peak hours, trains can become extremely crowded, leading to concerns about personal space and safety. In response to an increase in groping incidents (chikan), Japan introduced Josei Senyo Sharyo—women-only carriages. These designated carriages are typically available during morning and evening rush hours and are marked with a pink stripe and an image of a woman on the door. If you’re a female traveller, using these carriages can offer a more comfortable experience during busy travel times.
Travel Tips
- Plan ahead – Know which rail system operates near your destination and the exit number you need. Apps like Google Maps can help here.
- Recognise station logos – Each rail company has a distinct logo, which can help you find your way even when signage is in Japanese.
- Use smart cards – A Suica or PASMO card saves time and avoids the hassle of buying tickets for every trip.
- Station Facilities – Many Japanese stations offer a range of facilities, including convenience stores, lockers, restaurants, and even free Wi-Fi. This can be especially useful if you’re carrying luggage or need a quick refresh.
- Minimise transfers – Try to choose routes that avoid switching between different rail networks too often.
By preparing in advance and taking advantage of Japan’s efficient transport system, you’ll find getting around both easy and enjoyable!
