Kōfuku-ji (興福寺) in Nagasaki stands as a testament to the city’s centuries-old connections with China. Founded in 1620 by Chinese residents of the Fujian province, it is recognised as the oldest Obaku Zen temple in Japan. Don’t confuse it with the temple of the same name in Nara—this Kōfuku-ji is a unique cultural relic of Nagasaki’s international port heritage and Chinese immigrant community.
Established during the early Edo period, Kōfuku-ji was built to serve the spiritual needs of the Chinese merchants and residents who settled in Nagasaki. During this time, Japan had closed its borders to most foreign influence, but Nagasaki remained a rare window to the world—particularly for trade with China and the Netherlands.
Kōfuku-ji became known as the “First Temple” of the Four Chinese Temples of Nagasaki, which also include Sōfuku-ji, Fukusai-ji, and Shōfuku-ji. Its architecture and religious practices reflect Chinese Buddhist traditions, particularly those of the Obaku sect, which merges elements of Zen, Pure Land, and Chinese Buddhism.
The temple played a significant role in community life, religious practice, and cultural continuity for Chinese immigrants in Japan.
Architectural Highlights
Kōfuku-ji features striking architecture that sets it apart from most Japanese temples. Visitors will notice:
- Red-painted wooden structures in a traditional Chinese style
- The Great Gate (Sanmon), which serves as the main entrance and is beautifully ornamented
- The Mahavira Hall (Daiyūhōden), the main hall where ceremonies are held
- Stone lions, incense burners, and decorative details more commonly seen in Chinese temples than Japanese ones
The temple grounds exude a calm and historic atmosphere, making it a peaceful stop in the middle of bustling Nagasaki.
Nearby Attractions
- Sōfuku-ji Temple – Another of Nagasaki’s Chinese temples with vibrant architecture
- Nagasaki Chinatown (Shinchi) – Great for a meal or a cultural stroll
- Dejima – The restored Dutch trading post
- Nagasaki Museum of History and Culture
Access
Kōfuku-ji is centrally located and easy to access via Nagasaki’s tram system. It sits near the Teramachi-dori (Temple Street) area, a short walk from other major attractions like Shianbashi nightlife district and Chinatown. If using the Nagasaki Electric Tramway, get off at the City Hall or Shyakusho stop and head up Sakuramachi Dori until you kit the stone walls of the temple and then turn left.
Official Website:
http://kofukuji.com/
